Day 1755

Monday.

2009.01846

A comparative analysis of denoting algorithms for extragalactic imaging surveys

Roscani, et al

We present a comprehensive analysis of the performance of noise-reduction (``denoising'') algorithms to determine whether they provide advantages in source detection on extragalactic survey images. The methods under analysis are Perona-Malik filtering, Bilateral filter, Total Variation denoising, Structure-texture image decomposition, Non-local means, Wavelets, and Block-matching. We tested the algorithms on simulated images of extragalactic fields with resolution and depth typical of the Hubble, Spitzer, and Euclid Space Telescopes, and of ground-based instruments. After choosing their best internal parameters configuration, we assess their performance as a function of resolution, background level, and image type, also testing their ability to preserve the objects fluxes and shapes. We analyze in terms of completeness and purity the catalogs extracted after applying denoising algorithms on a simulated Euclid Wide Survey VIS image, on real H160 (HST) and K-band (HAWK-I) observations of the CANDELS GOODS-South field. Denoising algorithms often outperform the standard approach of filtering with the Point Spread Function (PSF) of the image. Applying Structure-Texture image decomposition, Perona-Malik filtering, the Total Variation method by Chambolle, and Bilateral filtering on the Euclid-VIS image, we obtain catalogs that are both more pure and complete by 0.2 magnitudes than those based on the standard approach. The same result is achieved with the Structure-Texture image decomposition algorithm applied on the H160 image. The advantage of denoising techniques with respect to PSF filtering increases at increasing depth. Moreover, these techniques better preserve the shape of the detected objects with respect to PSF smoothing. Denoising algorithms provide significant improvements in the detection of faint objects and enhance the scientific return of current and future extragalactic surveys.

2009.01866

Interstellar communication network. II. Deep space nodes with gravitational lensing

Hippke

Data rates in an interstellar communication network suffer from the inverse square law due to the vast distances between the stars. To achieve high (Gbits/s) data rates, some combination of large apertures and high power is required. Alternatively, signals can be focused by the gravitational lenses of stars to yield gains of order $10^{9}$, compared to the direct path. Gravitational lens physics imposes a set of constraints on the sizes and locations of receivers and apertures. These characteristics include the minimum and maximum receiver size, the maximum transmitter size, and the heliocentric receiver distance. Optimal sizes of receivers and transmitters are of order meters. Such small devices allow for the capture of the main lobe in the beam while avoiding the temporal smearing which affects larger apertures. These and other properties can be used to describe the most likely parameters of a lensed communication network, and to determine exact position of communication nodes in the heliocentric reference frame.

2009.02159

Image processing for precise geometry determination

Belgacem, et al

Reliable spatial information can be difficult to obtain in planetary remote sensing applications because of errors present in the metadata of images taken with space probes. We have designed a pipeline to address this problem on disk-resolved images of Jupiter's moon Europa taken with New Horizons' LOng Range Reconnaissance Imager, Galileo's Solid State Imager and Voyager's Imaging Science Subsystem. We correct for errors in the spacecraft position, pointing and the target's attitude by comparing them to the same reference. We also address ways to correct for distortion prior to any metadata consideration. Finally, we propose a vectorized method to efficiently project images pixels onto an elliptic target and compute the coordinates and geometry of observation at each intercept point.

2009.02169

The Fundamental Reference AGN Monitoring Experiment (FRAMEx)

Dorland, et al

The U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO), in collaboration with Paris Observatory (OP), is conducting the Fundamental Reference AGN Monitoring Experiment, or FRAMEx. FRAMEx will use USNO's and OP's in-house observing assets in the radio, infrared (IR) and visible, as well as other ground- and space-based telescopes (e.g., in the X-ray) that we can access for these purposes, to observe and monitor current and candidate Reference Frame Objects (RFOs) -- consisting of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) -- as well as representative AGN, in order to better understand astrometric and photometric variability at multiple timescales. FRAMEx will improve the selection of RFOs as well as provide significant new data to the AGN research community. This paper describes the FRAMEx objectives, specific areas of investigation, and the initial data collection campaigns.

2009.02284

Observing relativistic features in large-scale structure surveys -- I. Multipoles of the power spectrum

Guandalin, et al

Planned efforts to probe the largest observable distance scales in future cosmological surveys are motivated by a desire to detect relic correlations left over from inflation, and the possibility of constraining novel gravitational phenomena beyond General Relativity (GR). On such large scales, the usual Newtonian approaches to modelling summary statistics like the power spectrum and bispectrum are insufficient, and we must consider a fully relativistic and gauge-independent treatment of observables such as galaxy number counts in order to avoid subtle biases, e.g. in the determination of the $f_{\rm NL}$ parameter. In this work, we present an initial application of an analysis pipeline capable of accurately modelling and recovering relativistic spectra and correlation functions. As a proof of concept, we focus on the non-zero dipole of the redshift-space power spectrum that arises in the cross-correlation of different mass bins of dark matter halos, using strictly gauge-independent observable quantities evaluated on the past light cone of a fully relativistic N-body simulation in a redshift bin $1.7 \le z \le 2.9$. We pay particular attention to the correct estimation of power spectrum multipoles, comparing different methods of accounting for complications such as the survey geometry (window function) and evolution/bias effects on the past light cone, and discuss how our results compare with previous attempts at extracting novel GR signatures from relativistic simulations.